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Panax notoginseng(Sanqi) has many functions to improve our health, and then we describe its benefits later.
I .Not only reinforces Sanqi our immune system to defeat cancer, but also affects tumor to postpone aggravating in cancer patients such as prostate cancer. For example, PC SPES(The initials PC stand for prostate cancer, and spes is Latin for hope.) is one of health foods in the US. It is composed of eight herbs(Dendranthema morifolium, Ganoderma lucidum, Glycyrrhiza uralensis, Isatis indigotica, Panax notoginseng, Rabdosia rubescens, Scutellaria baicalensis, and Srenoa repens). Seven combinations of herbal extracts were made, varying in the proportion of the most cytotoxic herbal extract, that of Panax notoginseng. The interactions of P. notoginseng with the other seven herbs were evaluated through the use of an isobologram. According to report, in all seven herbal combinations, P. notoginseng was found to be antagonistic with the other seven herbal components in the cytotoxicity assay(1).
II .Sanqi
can improve women's syndromes of menstrual cycle (MC) because women
lose a lot of blood during this period.
Besides of MC, when women are pregnant, bearing, and nursing, they
also spend a lot of blood. At the same time, it is also a good
cosmetic for women to enhance their skin better and better. It helps
women get enough nutrients to support their blood recycle, so it is
a good supplement for women(50,51). Ginsenosides Rg1 has
estrogen-like activity and should be classified as a novel class of
potent phytoestrogen(85). III .Sanqi can stops bleeding rapidly. It appears to reduce blood blocking and bleeding time. It is used as a therapeutic agent to stop haemorrhages and a tonic to promote health in Chinese medicine. Currently saponins of P. notoginseng (PNS) are especially given attentions for their hemorheological properties(12). Panax notoginseng and a saponin extract from Panax notoginseng provide hemostatic effects when applied externally(28).
IV .
Sanqi's extract can decrease cardiovascular risk in our life and
expand blood streams.
The myocardial protective effects of trilinolein, isolated from the
Chinese herb Sanchi (Panax notoginseng), may be related to
its antioxidant effects. trilinolein inhibits angiotensin II-induced
cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and beta-myosin heavy chain promoter
activity via attenuation of reactive oxygen species generation(3).
Trilinolein inhibits norepinephrine(NE)-induced protein synthesis
via attenuation of reactive oxygen species(ROS) generation in
cardiomyocytes(4,15). In addition to its direct relaxation of the
smooth muscle cells at high concentrations, PNS, at 100 mg/L having
little effect on smooth muscle, caused a marked inhibition of
endothelium-dependent relaxation brought about by PNS. This
inhibitory effect was due to its inhibition of elevation of
cytosolic Ca2+, which is required for the activation of NO
generation and release from the vascular endothelial cells(27).
Notoginsenoside R1 (NG-R1) can increase the fibrinolytic potential
in cultured human pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (HPASMCs) in
vitro by increasing the production of tissue-type plasminogen
activator (t-PA) and urokinase-type plaminogen activator(u-PA). If
operative in vivo this effect of NG-R1 on the fibrinolytic system of
smooth muscle cells(SMCs) might also contribute to the effect of the
Chinese herb drug Panax notoginseng in the treatment of
cardiovascular diseases(36). Total ginseng saponins(TGS) from
Panax notoginseng may be acting as a novel and selective Ca2+
antagonist that does not interact with the L-type Ca2+ channel (e.g.
in KCl-induced contraction) but may interact with the putative
receptor operated Ca2+ channel (e.g. in phenylephrine-induced
contraction)(40). It is Effect of notoginsenoside R1 on the
synthesis of tissue-type plasminogen activator and plasminogen
activator inhibitor-1 in cultured human umbilical vein endothelial
cells(42). Both Salvia miltiorrhiza (SM) and Panax
notoginseng(PNG )would be useful as antianginal agents since
they dilate coronary vessels. Their use in hypertension is
questionable since they induce both vasodilation and
vasoconstriction depending on dose and target vessel(45).ginsenoside
Rb1 can effectively block Hcy-induced dysfunction of
endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation as well as superoxide anion
production and eNOS downregulation. Ginseng compounds may have
potential clinical applications in controlling Hcy-associated
vascular diseases and other vascular lesions(62). Myocardial
ischemia-reperfusion could induce cardiomyocyte apoptosis, and
ginsenoside Rb1 could significantly inhibit cardiomyocyte apoptosis
induced by ischemia-reperfusion in rats, indicating that ginsenoside
Rb1 could inhibit cardiomyocyte apoptosis induced by
ischemia-reperfusion, thus alleviating ischemia-reperfusion
injury(69).Rg1-accelerated synaptic transmission and nitric oxide
produced by nNOS played a role in the induction of PP-DG LTP in
anesthetized rats(87).Ginsenoside Rg2 has inhibitory function on
myocardialischemia(91).NO production increased via ginsenoside Rg1
played an important role in the protective effect on TNF-alpha
stimulated human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and was
helpful to deeply understand the active mechanism of ginsenoside Rg1
to HUVECs at the molecular level(101). VII .Sanqi can regulate immune system. PNS possesses immunologic adjuvant activities and low-haemolytic effect(5). The Sandi's protein inhibited mycelial growth in Coprinus comatus, Physalospora piricola, Botrytis cinerea, and Fusarium oxysporum. Immunological adjuvant activities of the principal notoginsenosides and related dammarane-type triterpene saponins were examined and notoginsenosides-D, -G, -H, and -K were found to increase the serum IgG level in mice sensitized with ovalbumin（21）. The Sanqi RNase demonstrates potent RNase and translation-inhibitory activities. In addition, it exhibits antiproliferative activity toward leukemia L1210 cells and antifungal activity against Physalospora piricola and Coprinus comatus. Its RNase activity is not heat-resistant, unlike most RNases which are thermostable（22）. It is Sensitization of a tumor, but not normal tissue, to the cytotoxic effect of ionizing radiation using Panax notoginseng extract（25）. It is activity of Extracellular Ca2+ regulates the respiratory burst of human neutrophils for Panax notoginseng saponins (PNGS) (35). Four polysaccharides, homogeneous in gel-filtration chromatography, were prepared and designated PF3111, PF3112, PBGA11, and PBGA12. Component sugar analysis revealed that they are heteroglycans with MWs ranging from 37 kD to 760 kD, composed of glucose, galactose, arabinose, mannose, and xylose in different molar ratios. Fraction PBGA12 has the most anticomplementary activity which is mediated through both alternative and classical pathways. All the polysaccharides except PBGA11 induced the production of interferon-gamma in the presence of concanavalin A. They induced the production of significant amount of TNF-alpha in cell cultures. In conclusion, the polysaccharides from P.notoginseng have immunostimulating activities in vitro(39).However, it is unavailuable to inhibit HIV(18).Ginsenoside-Rb2 might inhibit invasiveness to the basement membrane via MMP-2 suppression in some endometrial cancers, and can be used as a medicine for inhibition of secondary spreading of uterine endometrial cancers(75).Ginsenoside Rg1 is a desirable agent for enhancing CD4(+) T-cell activity, as well as the correction of Th1-dominant pathological disorders(83).The antiallergic action of Rh1 may originate from its cell membrane-stabilizing and anti-inflammatory activities, and can improve the inflammation caused by allergies(92).Notoginseng inhibits LPS-induced activation of RAW264.7 macrophages and demonstrates that notoginseng possesses anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive properties in vitro(98). The Rb1 adjuvanted vaccines stimulated similar titres of antigen specific IgG1, IgG2a and IgG2b. Thus,the cytokine and the serological data indicated that the Rb1 fraction of ginseng elicits a balanced Th1 and Th2 immune response(109).
VIII .According
recently researching, Sanqi can regulate triglyceride between normal
ranges of concentration in blood plasma due to Sanqinosides,
especially triglyceride appearing to plummet.
The most evident effect of P. notoginseng was the reduction of
fibrinogenaemia in treated rats compared with the control values, no
dose-relationship being shown in this effect. Moreover, no
significant variation in HDL cholesterol and glucose levels was
observed nor did relevant behavioural changes occur in association
with the root intake. Besides a moderate, non dose-related decrease
in the plasma lipid levels, P. notoginseng appeared to induce
a significant reduction in the rat fibrinogenaemia(13). Ginsenoside
Rb1 (GRb1) might lower TG levels via cAMP-production in the liver,
and GRb1 might be an interesting candidate to for a modulator of
cAMP-mediated effects, especially within the liver steatosis
system(68).
IX.Sanqi
is a good antioxidant to defend free radical attacking and protect
our regular cells.
It also extend our cells' life cycle. It may
improve gastric secretion, and that increase of gastric mucosal
blood flow (GMBF) and antagonism against the lesion of oxygen free
radicals are possibly one of its mechanisms ( 8 ) . It is protection
by hot water extract of Panax notoginseng on chronic
ethanol-induced hepatotoxicity (6). Trilinolein has been reported to
be an antioxidant, which can counteract free radical damage
associated with atherogenesis, and myocardial damage seen with
ischaemia and reperfusion (15) . the free radical reaction is
involved in tissue damage, particularly in the pathological
neurocyte injury of cerebral ischemia. The results show that in this
model of incomplete cerebral ischemia, the degree of lipid
peroxidation can be lowered by the pretreatment with Chinese herbs
containing ginsengosides or with nifedipine (44,47).
Ginsenoside Re inhibits cardiomyocyte apoptosis by inhibiting
expression of pro-apoptotic Bax gene and raising the ratio of
Bcl-2/Bax(78).The antioxidant property of Rg1 along with the
blocking of JNK signaling cascade might contribute to the
neuroprotective effect of ginsenoside Rg1 against
1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridineI(MPTP)(81).Rg1 can
inhibit apoptosis of cultured cortical neurons induced by serum
withdrawal. This action of Rg1 is concentration-dependent. The
finding may give a clue to elucidate the antiaging activity of
Rg1(89).Rb1 could antagonize lipid peroxidation and scavenge oxygen
free radicals as well as increase catalase and GSH-PX
activities(90).Trilinolein, isolated from the traditional Chinese
herb Sanchi (Panax notoginseng), has been shown to have
myocardial protective effects via its antioxidant ability.
Trilinolein inhibits ET-1-induced ERK phosphorylation, JNK
phosphorylation, and c-fos gene expression via attenuating
superoxide production in cardiomyocytes(96).Hcy significantly
inhibits endothelial proliferation with increased production of
superoxide anion, which is effectively blocked by ginsenoside Rb1.
This study provides some new aspects of Hcy-induced endothelial
dysfunction, and suggests a potential role of Rb1 to block Hcy
action, which may have clinical applications(99).Ginsenoside Re
functions as an antioxidant, protecting cardiomyocytes from oxidant
injury induced by both exogenous and endogenous oxidants, and that
its protective effects may be mostly attributed to scavenging H2O2
and hydroxyl radicals(102).Notoginsenoside R1 inhibits TNF-alpha-induced
ERK activation and subsequent fibronectin overexpression and
migration in human arterial smooth muscle cells (HASMCs) by
suppressing NADPH oxidase-mediated ROS generation and directly
scavenging ROS(105). X.Food and medicine are from the same origin in the traditional Chinese food culture. For example, we can cook Sanqi-chicken soup in our meals. We prepare for a healthy chicken about 500 g ( 1 lb . 2 oz . ) with Sanqi's powder about between 5 and 10 g (1/5 and 1/ 3 oz .), and steam it about 2 hours. The soup can improve your blood cycle and make your hands and feet more power than before(49). XI.It is robust for you to therapy acutely bleeding. Panax notoginseng is used as a therapeutic agent to stop haemorrhages and a tonic to promote health in Chinese medicine. Currently saponins of P. notoginseng (PNS) are especially given attentions for their hemorheological properties (12) . The alcohol extract of notoginseng results in the shortest bleeding time and provides better hemostatic effects than no treatment, placebo treatment, and treatment with lipophilic extract （ 23,50 ） . XII.Sanqi can protect liver damaged from chemistry. The saponin fraction from the flower buds of Panax notoginseng exhibited protective effect on liver injury induced by d-galactosamine and lipopolysaccharide （ 11,24 ） .Sandi has fulvotomentoside and oleanolic acid, and fulvotomentoside and oleanolic acid appear to be the most effective in protecting against chemical-induced liver injury （ 43 ） . PNS attenuates the gut I/R-induced hepatic microvascular dysfunction and inflammatory responses such as TNF-alpha production in the early phase via enhancement of NO production, and sequential hepatocellular damage via its anti-inflammatory effect (56). PNS preconditioning protects liver grafts from I/R injury effectively in rat orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) via an antiapoptotic pathway. The antiapoptotic mechanisms of PNS may include inhibiting the expression of TNF-alpha and Caspase-3 and enhancing the expression of Bcl-2. (59).
XIII.Ginsenoside-RD
from
Panax notoginseng
can delay Alzheimer's disease happening in age, enhance neural stem
cell to prolife, and protect neuron.
The crude saponins (PNS) and ginsenoside-Rd promote the
differentiation of neurospheres into astrocytes. Ginsenoside-Rd
increases the production of astrocytes in a dose-dependent manner.
On the other hand, both PNS and ginsenoside-Rd induce a weak but
significant effect by decreasing the number of neurons. The other
ginsenosides do not induce any differentiation on both neurons and
astrocytes(53)Ginsenosides
Rb1 and Rg3 exerted significant neuroprotective effects on cultured
cortical cells. Therefore, these compounds may be efficacious in
protecting neurons from oxidative damage that is produced by
exposure to excess glutamate(71).In the present paper, we overview
the discovery of new biological activities induced by ginsenoside
Rg1 and Rb1 and discuss possible mechanisms of action. Both
compounds could increase neural plasticity in efficacy and
structure; especially Rg1, as one small molecular drug, can increase
proliferation and differentiation of neural progenitor cells in
dentate gyrus of hippocampus of normal adult mice and global
ischemia model in gerbils. This finding has great value for
treatment of Alzheimer's disease and other neurodegenerative
disorders which is characterized by neurons loss. Increase of
expression of brain derived neurotrophic factor, Bcl-2 and
antioxidant enzyme, enhanced new synapse formation, inhibition of
apoptosis and calcium overload are also important neuron protective
factors. Rg1 and Rb1 have common effects, but there are some
differences in pharmacology and mechanism. These differences may
attribute to their different chemical structure. Rg1 is panaxtriol
with two sugars, while Rb1 is panaxtriol with four
sugars(80).Ginsenoside Rg1 is involved in the regulation of
proliferation of hippocampal progenitor cells and this effect may
serve as one of the elementary mechanisms underlying its nootropic
and anti-aging actions(82).panaxynol could induce the
differentiation of PC12D cells in a process similar to but distinct
from that of NGF and the panaxynol's effects were via cAMP- and MAP
kinase-dependent mechanisms(97).Panaxydol(PND) and panaxynol(PNN)
reduce neurodegeneration in the Alzheimer's brain(104).Three of
these isolated components, ginsenoside Rg1, Rg3, and RE, resulted in
significant reductions in the amount of Abeta detected in the brains
of animals after single oral doses of these agents. The results
indicate that ginseng itself, or purified ginsenosides, may have
similarly useful effects in human disease(106).
XV.It can protects liver
such as O1, P2, Q3, S4, and T5.
PNS attenuates the gut ischemia and reperfusion (I/R)-induced
hepatic microvascular dysfunction and inflammatory responses such as
TNF-alpha production in the early phase via enhancement of NO
production, and sequential hepatocellular damage via its
anti-inflammatory effect(56). fulvotomentoside and oleanolic acid
appear to be the most effective in protecting against
chemical-induced liver injury(43). The principal dammarane-type
triterpene saponins from the roots and flower buds of
Panax notoginseng were found to show potent hepatoprotective
effects(11,24).
The aforementioned results indicated that like Basic fibroblast
growth factor (bFGF), ginsenoside Re-associated induction of
angiogenesis enhanced tissue regeneration, supporting the concept of
therapeutic angiogenesis in tissue-engineering strategies(77).Rg1
may be a new class of angiogenic agent and may be loaded in
extracellular matrix(ECMs) to accelerate tissue regeneration(79). XVI .It can avoid stomach to secret too much acidity. The major active constituent in the head of Panax ginseng is GRb1, and that anti-ulcer effect is produced through an increase in mucus secretion(64).
XVII.It promotes
epidermal cell
growing. Ginsenoside Rb2
enhances epidermal cell proliferation by upregulating the
expressions of these proliferation-related factors(74). IXX .Panax notoginseng is not to be used during pregnancy. Before more data in humans is available, ginseng should be used with caution by pregnant women in the first trimester (65). The study has demonstrated that ginsenoside exerts direct teratogenic effects on rat embryos. Until more is known about the effects of ginsenoside in women of reproductive age, we suggest its use should be treated with caution (66). |
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